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Coxinha
Coxinha are delicious balls of chicken salad that have been shaped into an drumstick, battered and deep fried.
Coxinha are fun to make too, and economical. They are best if you start them the day before you fry them. If you're lucky enough to find Brazilian catupiry cheese, use it in place of the cream cheese.
Prep Time: 1 hour, 20 minutesCook Time: 30 minutesTotal Time: 1 hour, 50 minutesIngredients:
Coxinha are fun to make too, and economical. They are best if you start them the day before you fry them. If you're lucky enough to find Brazilian catupiry cheese, use it in place of the cream cheese.
Prep Time: 1 hour, 20 minutesCook Time: 30 minutesTotal Time: 1 hour, 50 minutesIngredients:
- 1.5 pounds chicken breasts (about 4 halves)
- 4-5 cups of chicken broth
- 1 carrot
- 2 onions
- 2 bay leaves
- 2 tablespoons butter
- 2 cloves garlic
- Juice of 1 lime
- 1 8-ounce package of cream cheese, softened
- 2-3 cups of flour
- 2 eggs
- 2-3 cups of very finely grated bread crumbs
- Vegetable oil for frying
- Salt and pepper to taste
- Place the chicken breasts in a large shallow pot. Cover them with the chicken broth, adding water if necessary to make sure the chicken breasts are covered by at least 1/2" of liquid.
- Add the carrot and one of the onions (peeled and halved) as well as the bay leaves.
- Bring liquid to a gentle simmer, and cook for 15-20 minutes, or until chicken is just cooked through (barely pink in the middle of the thickest part). It's necessary to cut into the chicken to tell when it is done. If some of the breasts cook more quickly, you can remove them earlier.
- Set chicken aside to cool, and strain the broth. Reserve broth.
- Shred the chicken into very small pieces. I use a food processor fitted with the plastic blade for this step, but you can also use your fingers.
- Stir the softened cream cheese and lime juice into the shredded chicken.
- Finely chop the second onion and the garlic. Sauté the onion and garlic in 2 tablespoons of butter until golden and soft.
- Add the hot onions and garlic to the chicken mixture and stir until everything is well mixed.
- Measure the chicken broth (you will probably have about 3 1/2 cups). If you have less than three cups, add more canned chicken broth to make 3 cups. Bring the chicken broth to a boil in a saucepan, and gradually stir in the same amount of flour as you have broth (so if you have 3 1/2 cups broth, add 3 1/2 cups flour).
- Stir vigorously and cook for 2-3 minutes. Mixture will become a stiff dough. Remove from heat and chill in the refrigerator for 1 hour.
- At this point, you can chill the chicken mixture and the dough for several hours or overnight.
- To shape the coxinhas, take a piece of the dough about the size of a golf ball with floured hands. Roll it into a ball, then hollow out the middle for the filling.
- Press a golfball size (about 1 1/2 tablespoons) piece of the chicken filling inside the ball of dough, and press the dough closed around the filling. Shape into an approximate drumstick shape, flouring hands as necessary. Stand the coxinhas on a baking sheet, so that the pointed end sticks upwards. Continue until you run out of dough or filling.
- Whisk the eggs together in a bowl. Place the bread crumbs in a shallow pan (like a cake pan) and season with salt and pepper.
- Dip the coxinhas in the egg, then in the breadcrumbs to coat. Chill the breaded coxinhas for 1 hour.
- Fill a heavy-bottomed pot with enough oil to cover the coxinhas. Heat the oil to 360 degrees. Fry the coxinhas in batches until deep golden brown.
- Serve warm.
Brazil's Religious history
The major religions of Brazil are Catholicism, Protestantism, and Spiritualism. The Catholic faith is the most predominant religion in Brazil. Catholicism started in the 16th century and was the first church of Brazil. The Brazilian people were converted by the Jesuits to the catholic faith in the 16th century located in Sao Paulo.(Knight, 2009) Protestantism began in the late 18th century to 19th century. This religion was introduced to the Brazilian people by the American missionaries located in the North and south regions of Brazil.("Evangelicals in Brazil," 2013) Their are two main forms of Spiritualism practice in Brazil today, the Candomble and Umbanda religions. Candomble is an religion that was introduced by the African slaves to to Brazil in the 19th century. This religion started in the Bahia region and spread to Rio De Janeiro, Sao Paulo,and Brasilia. This religion involve inciting gods with chanting, and dancing.(Prandi, 2002) The Umbanda religion is similar to the Candomble religion but it is not the same. The Umbanda tradition founded in the 1990s outside of Rio De Janeiro is a mixture of Brazilian traditions from those bought by slaves from Africa and and some traditions of Catholicism called "Spiritism." The followers of this religion believe that when humans die their spirits live on. This Religion started in Bahia, Brazil and then spread to Uruguay and Argentina. (Jamali, 2013)
The role of each of these religions in social development defer from one another. In Brazil, the catholic faith grew rapidly fast over the last few decades. Brazil's mostly Catholic. Out of nineteen and a half million over eighteen million Brazilians are of catholic faith. There are 5127 churches and chapels, 2067 of them are secular and 559 churches are clergy. There are 2083 nuns working in hospitals and education institutions. Brazil have 524 catholic schools and 12 large seminaries.
(Knight) Protestants evangelicals hold more conservative news than those of Roman Catholic faith. Evangelicals first earned political knowledge in 1986 when the constitutional revision of Brazil took place. Since than Protestants have been gaining ground in successfully representing conservative moral theologies throughout the country. ("Evangelicals in Brazil," )Candomble on the other hand was condemned by the Catholic church. All Brazilians who followed that religion was violently tortured until the 1970s when the government stepped in disallowing policemen to torture people in public. Since then the religion has increased having an average of 2 million people claiming to be of Candomble faith. Many people today from Africa visit Bahia in order to learn more about the faith of their ancestors. (Prandi, 2002)
In a form of Spiritism Umbanda religion grew with having beliefs in communicating with the dead from physics to mediums. The Umbanda religion didn't receive any growth until the 1930s when political conflict led Brazilians to unite under Umbanda, which was then considered by many as Brazil's only genuine religion. ("Umbanda fast facts," )
The Brazilian government plays no role in affiliation with any of the religions in Brazil. After the revolution in 1889 the church and state were separated. The decree was created and it declared no church should be subsidized by the government nor in any way receive support either from the federal government or individual states. That decree still exist today and Brazilians are at liberty to worship according to their own rites. Brazilians are also allowed to live according tho their own beliefs.(Knight, 2009)
Jamali, L. (2013, 03 12). Brazil's only indigenous religion coming on its own. Retrieved from www.theworld.org
Knight, K. (2009). Catholic religion. Retrieved from www.newadvent.org
Evangelicals in brazil. (2013). Retrieved from www.coha.org
Prandi, R. (2002, 10). Brazilian review of social sciences. Retrieved from www.fflch.usp.br/socialogia/prandi/time.htm
Umbanda fast facts. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.religionfacts.com
hayes, H. (2009, 08 15). Sanctuario dom, bosco brasilia. Retrieved from www.sacred-destinations.com
The role of each of these religions in social development defer from one another. In Brazil, the catholic faith grew rapidly fast over the last few decades. Brazil's mostly Catholic. Out of nineteen and a half million over eighteen million Brazilians are of catholic faith. There are 5127 churches and chapels, 2067 of them are secular and 559 churches are clergy. There are 2083 nuns working in hospitals and education institutions. Brazil have 524 catholic schools and 12 large seminaries.
(Knight) Protestants evangelicals hold more conservative news than those of Roman Catholic faith. Evangelicals first earned political knowledge in 1986 when the constitutional revision of Brazil took place. Since than Protestants have been gaining ground in successfully representing conservative moral theologies throughout the country. ("Evangelicals in Brazil," )Candomble on the other hand was condemned by the Catholic church. All Brazilians who followed that religion was violently tortured until the 1970s when the government stepped in disallowing policemen to torture people in public. Since then the religion has increased having an average of 2 million people claiming to be of Candomble faith. Many people today from Africa visit Bahia in order to learn more about the faith of their ancestors. (Prandi, 2002)
In a form of Spiritism Umbanda religion grew with having beliefs in communicating with the dead from physics to mediums. The Umbanda religion didn't receive any growth until the 1930s when political conflict led Brazilians to unite under Umbanda, which was then considered by many as Brazil's only genuine religion. ("Umbanda fast facts," )
The Brazilian government plays no role in affiliation with any of the religions in Brazil. After the revolution in 1889 the church and state were separated. The decree was created and it declared no church should be subsidized by the government nor in any way receive support either from the federal government or individual states. That decree still exist today and Brazilians are at liberty to worship according to their own rites. Brazilians are also allowed to live according tho their own beliefs.(Knight, 2009)
Jamali, L. (2013, 03 12). Brazil's only indigenous religion coming on its own. Retrieved from www.theworld.org
Knight, K. (2009). Catholic religion. Retrieved from www.newadvent.org
Evangelicals in brazil. (2013). Retrieved from www.coha.org
Prandi, R. (2002, 10). Brazilian review of social sciences. Retrieved from www.fflch.usp.br/socialogia/prandi/time.htm
Umbanda fast facts. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.religionfacts.com
hayes, H. (2009, 08 15). Sanctuario dom, bosco brasilia. Retrieved from www.sacred-destinations.com
Sacred Sites
The Statue of Christ the Redeemer is a famous site located in Rio De janeiro Brazil. This statue was named one of the seven wonders in the world in 2007. It's 120 feet tall built from 1922-1931 and depicts Christ with his arms open wide in an welcoming gesture, symbolizing his role as the redeemer of the world. (Hayes, 2009)
This sacred site was made in honor of Dom Bosco , an Italian saint who dreamed of Brazil having a Utopian city in 1883. Dom Bosco's vision was a major inspiration for creating the foundation of Brasilia, Brazil. He dreamed that the city would be built in the new world between the 15th and 20th parallels and Brasilia built the site on the 15th parallel in Brasilia.(Hayes, 2009)
Religion Distrubition
Catholics outnumber protestants 3 to 1 and outnumber Orthodox churches 6 to 1. Nearly one out of five people who walk the earth are catholic.